The Importance of Ideas in The Tempest Essay - 1252 Words

The Importance of Ideas in The Tempest Shakespeares play, The Tempest, is constructed on a framework of ideas rather than on any dramatic principle. It is ideas that are presented throughout, and the play is built around the presentation of these themes -- themes such as the argument over whether nature is superior to nurture or vice versa (as in the case of Caliban and Antonio, the first being one on whom all efforts at nurture can never stick due to the inherent baseness of his nature, the second being one whom neither nature nor nurture has availed to deter him from consciously choosing evil), the moral duties of the sovereign (in the case of Prospero and Alonso, both of whom have to go through physical or emotional†¦show more content†¦However, upon closer scrutiny, this would be excessive. The characters, while perhaps symbolic, are never purely so; and by suggesting that they symbolize abstract ideas would be to detract from the richness of the characters in question, for they are seldom symbolic to the ext ent of being allegorical. They are, firstly, not flat characters in Forsters sense (i.e. that they do not develop in the course of the play), the exceptions being comparatively minor characters like Antonio, Gonzalo, Ferdinand, Miranda, and the lower characters like Stephano and Trinculo. Prospero learns the necessity of a rulers knowing the limitations of his subjects and acting accordingly; the necessity of relinquishing his Art in order to fit in with the rest of humanity, from whom he has been separated, both directly and indirectly, by his Art; the necessity of forgiveness, amongst other things. He develops from being a slightly equivocal figure who may be plotting to wreak his vengeance on Antonio and Alonso and who conjures up a storm, symbol of chaos, to being the enlightened, magnanimous figure of Act V. He changes from a paranoid tyrant-figure in his gross overreaction to Ariels civil request that he remember his promise to free him in Act I Scene II to the speaker of th e benevolent, even affectionate words My Ariel, chick, / That is thy charge: then to the elements / Be free, and fare thou well!Show MoreRelatedEssay Elements of the Masque in The Tempest1005 Words   |  5 Pages The Tempest was written when masques were becoming exceedingly popular in England, and were often performed at weddings to honor marriages. 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A senseRead More A Comparison of Wealth in Antony and Cleopatra and The Tempest983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Wealth in Antony and Cleopatra and The Tempest  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Wealth and it’s relationship to poverty figures in heavily in two of the plays we have read thus far in class. In both Antony and Cleopatra and The Tempest we are treated to characters and situations that deal with wealth and poverty. Specifically however, both plays have visions of an abundance of wealth that seems at times both corruptible and foolish. In Antony and Cleopatra we have their excessive behavior and flauntingRead MoreEssay on Themes in the Tempest1290 Words   |  6 PagesThemes in the Tempest       The Tempest is generally considered to be Shakespeares last sole-authored play. The play draws a number of oppositions, some of which it dramatises, and some of which it only implies. Prospero, a figure exhibiting many resemblances to the Elizabethan idea of the Mage, (of whom the best known is probably Dr. John Dee), is opposed to both his corrupt brother, usurper of his role as Duke of Milan, and to Sycorax, an evil witch and mother of the deformed slave CalibanRead MoreEssay on Importance of Setting in Shakespeares The Tempest1275 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Setting in The Tempest  Ã‚   The island of magic and mystery that Shakespeare creates in The Tempest is an extraordinary symbol of both the political and social realities of his contemporary society, and of the potential for a reformed New World. Shakespeare’s island is a creation which allows the juxtaposition of real and idealised worlds, and shows his audience both what they and what they ought to be. The seventeenth century was a time of ideological upheaval in Europe, with MedievalRead MoreThe Culture Of The And The Tempest By William Shakespeare981 Words   |  4 Pagespowerful influence on the people inhabiting that space, an influence that alters inhabitants to varying degrees. Through the writings of Kant, Montaigne, and Shakespeare–in particular their works What is Enlightenment?, Of Cannibals, and The Tempest, respectively–this idea of cultural influence is able to take shape. Culture is something that all people carry with them, pieces of places and people they have known and gr oups to which they have been a member. The natural state of people is twisted by cultureRead MoreAnalysis Of Richard Linklater s The Tempest 896 Words   |  4 Pagess life. The play The Tempest written by William Shakespeare encompasses many personal discoveries, which lead to consideration of the authority the characters rightfully possess and the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation in their lives. Similarly the modern film Boyhood directed by Richard Linklater, also explores these ideas, however, they are depicted in relation to growing from childhood to adulthood and developing an individual ethical compass. In The Tempest, Shakespeare uses UsurpationRead MoreThe Tempest Character Analysis1047 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective. In William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Prospero comes to realise not only the limitations of his power, but also the importance of love and redemption in redefining one’s place in the world, as well as one’s view of it. 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Analyzing Michelangelo Antonionis Blow Up Essay - 1705 Words

Film 1B03 - T08 Michelangelo Antonioni was an acclaimed Italian film director, revered for his contributions to the discipline of cinema. In many ways, Michelangelo Antonioni has revolutionized the realm of art cinema and is responsible for the foundations that the style now rests upon. One of his most influential films was titled Blow Up. In his first English language film, Antonioni examines themes of perception and reality, especially in regard to society and the individual. This film has continuous markings of an art film from the opening sequence to the final credits. In order to analyze the film’s style we must be aware of the criteria that define and differentiate the art and narrative models. In many art films narrative†¦show more content†¦During this scene there are several elements conforming to the criteria of an art film. First, the reappearance of Hemmings’ ‘wife’ and her claim that she is in Paris is surprising and confusing. This interactio n adds a sense of confusion and detracts from and already limited amount of information and understanding available to the viewer. The plot-line between Hemmings and his model ‘wife’ is made clear to be of no use to function of the film, only as an event leading to nothing. It is also in this party that the protagonist confronts his publisher about his discovery. His disregard for the subject matter can be interpreted as society’s care free ideology and false reality. This is made explicitly evident when Ron tells Thomas that he is not a photographer, implying he does not care about his quest. Ron, by choosing to ignore the facts presented before him, is making himself ignorant in an attempt to carry on a life of uninterrupted pleasure. This removal from reality is one of the fundamental issues recurrent in this film. Hemmings is faced with a choice between what is moral and what is comfortable. The moral choice is more difficult and requires him to sacri fice precious time and effort in order to do what is right. The

Critical Issues Facing the Airline Industry †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Critical Issues Facing the Airline Industry. Answer: Introduction Like any other industry airline industry is faced with quite a number of issues that need to be addressed. The African and American airlines are experiencing difficulties to survive in their best time like in the years 2015 and 2016, (Burestein Rose, 2014, p. 63). Most Countries in Asia, Europe and those in the Middle East operate below the cost of capital that the shareholders and the partners are expected to contribute. The shareholders are expected to reach a certain rate on the invested capital which only the Americans have shown a return on invested capital that is above average, (Teneja, 2017, p. 4). In this essay, the issues that affect the airline industries are discussed as follows: Issues Facing the Airline Industry. Cyclical nature of airline industries Global airline industries follow a business cycle of 8 to 9 years where it goes through a peak and an off-peak period. There are several factors that explain the above phenomenon. During the peak period, the airline industries make large profits, the labor unions become active and the labor charges rise thus increasing the operation cost incurred, (Akamavi et al., 2015, p. 528). Also during this peak period, the airlines have already gained enough profit and they begin to place orders for new aircrafts so as to remain ahead of the competition. The industries borrow financial assistance from financial institutions thus making the cost of interest to rise, the bottom line is affected and the shareholders are forced to return on investment, (Akamavi et al., 2015, p. 528). Decrease of global economy The growth of airline industries goes hand in hand with the growth of the global economy. A decrease in the growth of the global economy normally results into a fall in the airline industries, (Morrison, 2014, p. 15). For example, in the United States of America, the interest rates are currently at the lowest ebb and might begin to increase resulting in a decrease in the growth of the global economy. Moreover, the international trade growth which is already decreasing will further slowdown thus leading to a negative effect in the airline industry, (Teneja, 2017, p. 12). Fuel, technology, and environment The price of fuel has decreased from 140 dollars in 2009 to 2010. In the European and the American countries, the fuel cost is the second largest cost incurred after the labor costs, however, in Asia, the fuel cost is the highest followed by the labor cost, (Draft Albers, 2013, p. 47). In the airline industries, fuel accounts for around 40 percent of the operating costs. Although fuel prices can never be stable, a decrease in the fuel prices is one of the major reasons why the airline industries have been able to rebound, (Draft Albers, 2015, p. 3). Due to the introduction of advanced technology, the engines, and the crafts have been developed which in return has resulted in a reduction in fuel consumption to around 35litres, (Lawton, 2017, p. 12). The 35 liters of fuel consumed is used to transport 100 tons in one kilometer which is a great decrease to one and a half decades ago where 110 liters of fuel were used to transport the 100 tons in one kilometer, (Lawton, 2017, p. 12). Also through new technology certain aircrafts like B-787 and A350 use 20 to 30% less fuel than the aircraft they would replace. An increase in airline capacity will result to environmental damage because of the carbon emitted. The new technology aircraft will do less damage to the environment compared to the old aircraft.in Europe, the introduction of a carbon tax is a major step to motivate industries in coming up with a solution to avoid environmental damage, (Lohmann Koo, 2013, p. 8). Restrictive bilateral regimes The airline business is still among the most regulated industries globally since the emergence of the bilateralism in the year 1944, (Morrison, 2014, p. 13). Most of the states in the world have agreed to accept the open skies bilateral air services. However, some of the countries are still opposed to the idea due to primary pressure from the national airlines. Those states that are against the skies bilateral services are not able to privatize their national airlines due to socio-political reasons, (Teneja, 2017, p. 13). There are also some restrictions regarding shareholding in some parts of the world. For example, states like the Middle East do not allow foreign investment in their airlines. Airspace and airport capacity In busy airports, the arriving aircrafts have to wait for several minutes in the air for their turn to land. During the waiting period cost of around 12% of fuel in average is consumed, (Akamavi et al., 2015, p. 540). Solutions to address the above issues Creation of landing and departure routes The runaway capacity needs to be advanced using the new technology. Through the modern technology, the separation distance between the arrivals and the departures will be reduced, the airport capacity will be increased by creating an exit for the taxiways along the runways. Also, they will separate the arrival and the departure routes hence facilitating continuous descend approach and continuous ascend departures, (Burenstein Rose, 2014, p. 68). This in return will lower fuel consumption and the carbon emitted. Introduction of carbon tax Just like Europe, countries with the airline industries should embrace the use of carbon tax to avoid environmental damage. The carbon tax may force the industries to recycle the carbon being released into the air, (Lawton, 2017, p. 21). Therefore, fewer carbon gases will be released into the air leading to less of air pollution. Awareness of off-peak and peak periods in the industry The airline businesses should be informed about the off-peak and the peak periods so as to avoid falling of the business during the off-peak seasons, (Teneja, 2017, p. 15). During the peak seasons, the profits realized should be used by the industries to cater for the costs during the off-peak period. Maintaining the interest rates of the economy By maintaining the interest rates the global economy will not slow down and the same way the airline business will also not decrease, (Burestein Rose, 2014, p. 132). Conclusion In conclusion, in airline businesses, there are many complicated technologies that can be a burden if not addressed. Due to the sudden changes in technology over the years, the management in the airline industries should ensure that they are updated with the changes that are occurring due to technology. With this, they will curb all the difficulties and also be ahead in terms of competition since they will be having the newest and modern aircrafts produced in the world. Customers will also come in large numbers as they will be eager to use the new technology that has arrived. References Akamavi, R.K., Mohamed, E., Pellmann, K. Xu, Y., 2015. Key Determinants of Passenger Loyalty in the Low-Cost Airline Business. Tourism Management, 46, Pp.528-545. Borenstein, S. Rose, N.L., 2014. How Airline Markets Work or do they? Regulatory Reform in the Airline industry. In Economic Regulation and its Reform: What Have We Learned? (pp. 63-135). University of Chicago Press. Daft, J. Albers, S., 2013. A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Airline Business Model Convergence. Journal of Air Transport Management, 28, Pp.47-54. Daft, J. Albers, S., 2015. An Empirical Analysis of Airline Business Model Convergence. Journal of Air Transport Management, 46, Pp.3-11. Lawton, T.C., 2017. Cleared For Take-Off: Structure and Strategy in The Low Fare Airline Business. Routledge. Pp. 12-28. Lohmann, G. And Koo, T.T., 2013. The Airline Business Model Spectrum. Journal of Air Transport Management, 31, Pp.7-9. Morrison, M., 2014. The Power Of Two: After a Near-Failure to Launch in the 1970s, a Boeing Over Gave CFM an Unstoppable Momentum, Putting the Joint Venture at the Forefront of the Narrowbody Engine Market. Airline Business, 30(8). Pp. 12-18 Taneja, N.K., 2017. Driving Airline Business Strategies through Emerging Technology. Routledge. Pp. 4-15

Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

Architecture history is an interesting subject in which we how art has evolved over centuries from Neolithic architecture of 10000 BC to the contemporary architectural designs. The existence of this history shows the gradual evolvement of the art to what the world has today. Each of the architectural designs has its own outstanding and unique features that make them stand as original.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Romanesque and Gothic Architecture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this history, we can take note of the Romanesque architecture of the Medieval Europe between sixth and 10th century. Two centuries later, it evolved into Gothic architecture that lasted for four centuries to 16th century (Bony, 1983, p. 13). Apart from these being history, there have specific architectural elements that are of use and can help us appreciate these pieces of art for what they are- pure architecture (Tatton-b rown John, 2002, p.35). The aim of writing this paper is to outline specific outstanding features of these two giants in the history of architecture in view of borrowing some of those elements and incorporating them in the contemporary architecture. Romanesque Architecture According to the oxford dictionary, the word â€Å"Romanesque† means â€Å"descended from Roman† and used to denote the roman languages. In architecture, the term first described architectural designs in west Europe from the fifth to the thirteenth centuries. The term is used to describe a style that was identifiably of medieval origin and prefigured in the Gothic, but still maintained the rounded Roman arch that made it appear to be a continuation of the traditional building style of the Romans (Hall, 1983, 154). In the contemporary society, the term ‘Romanesque Architecture’ refers to the works of art that were prevalent between the 10th and 12th century. Specific elements of Romanesq ue Architecture Two periods usually classify the Romanesque architecture. These are â€Å"first Romanesque† style and â€Å"Romanesque† style. The major distinction between the two is the level of expertise in which the structures are constructed (Crossley, 1962, p. 65). The First Romanesque used features like rubble walls, smaller windows and unvaulted roofs while the second Romanesque is marked by greater refinement, together with the more use of the vault and dressed stone.Advertising Looking for research paper on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, the utilization of all the design aspects of Romanesque architecture not only results in an impressive piece of work but also reflect the solidity of art. The outstanding difference between the preceding roman and the later Gothic is that the Romanesque architecture relies on its wall or part of its walls called piers for strength. Walls The ma jor aspects that are characteristic of the walls constructed for buildings based on Romanesque architectural designs are their small openings as well as their thickness. They are made of double shells whose main constituent is rubble. Different regions of the world have different building materials. This depends on the nature of the locally available stones as well the traditions that govern buildings’ designs in any given locality. The stone ranges from brick, limestone, and granite to flint. The style involves small irregular stones bedded in thick mortar (Fletcher, 2001, p.56). Smooth ashlars’ masonry is not commonly used. It only occurred mainly in areas where people used easily workable limestone. Buttresses These are not an outstanding feature because of the massive-size walls of the architectural design. A flat square profile is one of the major characteristics of the buttresses among other aspects that are specific to the design of the wall(s) (Holmes, 1992, p. 122). Some of the elements that architects employ in the construction of buttresses include barrel vaults, which can be either full or half depending on the design of the buttresses in question. This mostly applies in the construction of aisles in churches-the vaulted ones. Arches and openings The other feature that is outstanding in the Romanesque is the use of semi- circular arches for all openings such as doors, windows, for arcades and for vaults. Wide doorways are in most cases surmounted by a semi-circular arch, however, exceptions exist in cases where doors with lintels are set into large arched recess and surmounted by semi-circular â€Å"lunettes† with decorative carvings (Holmes, 1992, p. 126). In other places like Italy and Germany, Ocular windows are common.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Romanesque and Gothic Architecture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Arcades According to Fletch er, arcades mainly comprise of rows of arches (2001, p. 65). To enhance the stability of the arches, architects employ columns or piers. They form an integral part of the interior parts of large buildings besides occurring in cloisters and atriums. Their major role is to separate the nave from the aisle especially in church buildings. Traditionally the arcade of cloister is of a single stage, while the arcade that divides the aisles and nave is traditionally of two stages, and a third stage of windows (clerestory) rising above them (Holmes, 1992, p. 130). Traditionally, the purpose of arcading is to fulfill structural purpose but it is also use for decorative purpose both internally and externally. Piers In Romanesque architectural designs, architects employ piers to offer support to the other components of a building especially the arches. Though they are typically of rectangular shape, piers can take forms that are more complex with half-segments of large hollow-core columns on th e inner surface that supports the arch, or clusters of smaller shafts that lead into the arch ‘mouldings’ (Fletcher, 2001, p.67). Piers occur in different shapes depending on their usage. For instance, they assume a cruciform shape when the architects use them to join two significantly large arches. Columns Columns form an integral part of Romanesque architectural designs in buildings. Crossley argues that, to enhance their aesthetic value, most architects incorporate not only attached shafts but also colonnets in the structure in question (1962, p. 76). Other columns used in this architectural design are salvaged columns, drum columns and hollow core columns (Fletcher, 2001, p.70). Each of these columns designs gives them strength because they carry the massive weight of the upper walls. Some of them like the hollow core columns can be ornamented with incised decorations. Vaults and roofs Wood plays a pivotal role in the construction of roofs and vaults as far as Roman esque architecture is concerned. Harvey noted that, vaults and roofs can take the form of a king post, simple truss or even a tie beam (1950, p. 22). The lining in such cases comprise of a wooden ceiling. Vaults of stone or brick take on different forms. There are several types of vaults, which include barrel vault, groin vault, arched vault and ribbed vault.Advertising Looking for research paper on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike the arched and ribbed vaults, the groin and barrel vaults are relatively easy to construct. Most architects argue that the easiest type of a vault to construct is the barrel (Crossley, 1962, p. 80). For the construction of such barrels, there need to be strong walls, which may or may not have small holes to enhance the support of such vaults. A groin vault is similar to the barrel that only that it requires the use of two barrels. Decoration Decoration in Romanesque architecture is yet another outstanding element of the style with arcading being its most significant aspect. Arcades are used to a great effect both internally and externally. Another decorative feature is architectural sculpture, which can be geometric. Figurative sculpture decorated buildings with fine curving engrossed on the wall surface. Other decorative features of used in Romanesque architecture are the use of murals and stained glass. Gothic architecture This architectural design succeeded the Romanesque in the 16th century. Historians argue that in the ancient times, many people used the term ‘Gothic Architecture’ as a way of describing the architectural culture that was primitive and unacceptable in many regions. The style got its influence from Romanesque and possibly from the east. Some of the elements of these pieces of architecture are as follows. Plan Most gothic buildings are of the Latin cross, with a long nave making the better part of the church, a transverse arm (transept) and, after it, an extension called the presbytery, chancel or choir (Harvey, 1950, p. 26). A prominent feature of the buildings that were constructed based on gothic architecture is the Hallenkirche. Hallenkirche comprises of two major components-naves and aisles. However, they could also take a different form. For instance, in the South of France, architects only used a singlewide nave and no aisles. Structure: The ogival arch Historians argue that the first people to use the ogival arch in architectural designs were Islamists that lived in the East. They form a major party of the architectural history among the Muslims. This style evolved from the Romanesque without a clean break and for most part, it has borrowed from the Romanesque. This makes it a significant aspect in gothic architectural designs. Functions Unlike the features of Romanesque art, gothic architecture has many applications not only in the ancient times but also in the contemporary society. For instance, gothic semi-circular vaults are used not only ion the roofing of roofs that have a regular shape but also those that have irregular shapes e.g. trapezoids. Another structural advantage is that its pointed arch channels the weight onto the piers or columns that bear it at a steep angle thus enabling the architects to raise vaults much higher than those in Romanesque architecture (Bony, 1983, p.17). This gave the building not only a very new physical appearance but also a new impression of verticalit y toward heaven. The application of the pointed arch in gothic architecture is for both decorative and structural purposes. It is therefore useful in every location where the vaulted shape is of need. Height The usual proportion for most buildings constructed using gothic architectural design especially churches is 2:1. However, depending on the overall size of a building, especially that of many storey buildings, this proportion can be as high as 3:6:1 to ensure the stability of the gothic building. The two major aspects that form the external features of gothic buildings as far as the height is concerned are spires and towers. Vertical Emphasis The pointed arch suggests height with this appearance being enhanced more by both the decoration of the building and the architectural features. From the outside, the architects lay more emphasis on verticality in a way by the spires and towers and in a more diminishing way by projecting strongly the vertical buttresses; by attached shafts that often pass through the storeys of the building; by long and narrow openings, vertical mouldings around doors and figurative sculpture that emphasizes the vertical. A pinnacle terminates the roofline, buttresses, gable ends and other parts ((Warren, 1991, p.59). From within the church, attached shafts often join unbroken from floor to ceiling where they meet the ribs of the vault. During the treatment of the wall surfaces and windows, the architects apply a general repetition of the verticals. Light The largely expanded area of the windows as at and the very large size of many individual windows is yet another distinguishing characteristic of the gothic architecture. The difference in size in gothic compare to its predecessor is because of the use of the ribbed vault- more precisely, the pointed ribbed vault, which in this structural design, channeled the weight to a holding shaft with less outward thrust compared to a semicircular vault. As a result, walls do not have to be so strong (Warren, 1991, p.61). In gothic buildings, the design of the windows plays a pivotal role in the lighting. They not only contain a pointed arch but also some other forms of decorative structural designs. To enhance more beauty to the lighting systems of the gothic buildings, the windows incorporate several patterns of stained glass. The architects blend the colors such windows so as to much the other components of the building such as the interiors and the lighting system(s). Symbolism and ornamentation Each architectural concept in the gothic cathedral, including the loftiness and huge dimensions of the structure, were designed to convey a theological message about the glory and greatness of God (Warren, 1991, p.62). The overall structure of the gothic building reflects the universe. The aspects that contribute in such a reflection are not only the geometrical but also the mathematical features that are characteristic of gothic architectural designs. Architects employ such f eatures in stained glasses, statutes as well as sculptural decorations. In the traditional Germanic churches as well in some church buildings in the contemporary society, such aspects depict the sacred aspect of Christian faith. In conclusion, the Romanesque and the gothic architectural designs share the same basic principles. Notwithstanding, the gothic design gains superiority since it is an improvement of the latter and it incorporates structural designs from other traditions especially form the east. Both Romanesque and gothic architecture comprise of aspects that reflect on the evolution of architecture despite the fact that the two may differ significantly. Incorporating these principles- both structural and decorative in the construction industry today can invoke historical structures in our contemporary world given the technology state and the current engineering knowledge and innovation. This will also be very instrumental in the preservation of certain aspects of architect ure in the contemporary society. References Bony, J. (1983). French Gothic Architecture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Berkeley: University of California press. Crossley, F.H. (1962).The English Abbey. UK : Batsford publishers. Fletcher, B. (2001). A History of Architecture on the Comparative method. USA: Elsevier Science Technology. Hall, J. (1983). A History of Ideas and Images in Italian Art. London: John Murray Publishers. Harvey, J. (1961). English Cathedrals. UK: Batsford publishers. Tatton-Brown, T., Crook, J. (2002). The English Cathedral. New Holland: New Holland Publishers. Warren, J. (1991). Creswell’s Use of the Theory of Dating by the Acuteness of the  Pointed Arches in Early Muslim Architecture. Muqarnas. California: University of California press. This research paper on Romanesque and Gothic Architecture was written and submitted by user DannyRand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.